Each team is composed by three different parts: offense (attack), Defense (defense) and SPECIAL TEMSA (special team) entering on the playing field only in situations where the ball will be released (BRIDGE [ball is liberated as far in the adverse land] Field Goal [the ball will be liberated in order to enter it the goal post "gate" side to win 3 points] and kickoff [kick off]). The maximum number of players that a team can have on the playing field at any stage is 11.

Kick off

American football game with kick off starts. The ball is located on a small plastic support 30-yard line of the defending team and a special player (kicker) will release the ball by the team to attack. A player in the attack (kick return) will try to catch the ball forward with it running. Where it is off will be the place where the offense will begin its attack, or series of offensive plays. When the ball is caught after freeing in its own end zone player who caught the ball can be run or kneel in the end zone (procedure known as Touchback) and the game will be stopped, the team will begin its attack on the line 20 yards.

FIRST DOWN

The game of football is a game of yards. Offensive team tries to gain as many yards in order to approach the opposing team’s end zone. Each time the offense gets the ball it has four tests (Downs) to gain 10 yards. If the offense fails to advance 10 yards or more, will get a first down and will still be entitled to a set of four downs. If the offense fails to gain 10 yards will lose possession. The defense tries to prevent them not only the scoring, but also from gaining the 10 yards needed to get another set of four attacks (Downs). If the offense reaches fourth down, they usually choose to clear the ball (punt), so that the opposing team will begin their attacks on the farthest distance.

Each phase begins with a SNAP (a player passes the ball through the legs called the center QUARTER BACK [QB]). Ball placed on the line of scrimmage thirst (field position from which to start the attack phase). After the quarterback received the ball from the center, he can pass, can give it to another player or may run with it.

Fugue (The Run) for the offense to advance the ball in two ways. The first way is to run. This happens when the quarterback hands the ball to a running back [RB], the latter trying to gain as many yards, moving players in defense. The quarterback is also allowed to run with the ball.

Baseball game does not have rounds but innings. An inning consists of two halves, the first half of a team is attacking and one defending. In the second half, the other team goes in the attack. A half inning ends after 3 players of the attacking team are eliminated.

In each inning, the team has a pitcher of defense (defensive player) who throws the ball to the ones with the bat (offensive player) see the picture of the opposing team, until 3 of them are eliminated. A player at the bat is removed after 3 “strikes” a strike (failure) is achieved when the pitcher throws the ball and the Batter, the right fails to hit it right.”Strike” (failure) is shouted when the ball is not hit by the player of the team which plays in attack. If the pitcher does not throw in the correct zone (example: he throw a ball too much to the right of the batter), it creates a “ball” and at four ball the one from the bat is sent to the basis 1.

Team Members
In a plot of only 9 players, the team is defending, the 9 are assigned in a well defined field (not related to the order they come to fight, which is determined by the coach before the start of the match). They are the followings:
1. Pitcher.
2. A “catcher” dressed specific-see picture, located behind the house and charged with catching the ball thrown by the pitcher and throwing choice.
. 3. Four “infielders”: one at first base, one second, slightly the right side, one between the basis second and third, called “Shortstop”, with great defensive tasks, and a man covering third the basis.
4. The remaining 3 players share the playing surface of the square and surrounding land (“the outfield”), are positioned one on the left, one center and one right. All defensive players wear gloves in one hand. When they get on the road, to bases, they do not need for any type of gloves.

a. “Advantage Set” The first player / team to win six games wins that “Set”, provided it is a difference of two games against the opponent (s). If necessary, the set will continue until the difference is made.
b. “Tie-break Set” first player / team to win six games wins that “Set”, provided it is a difference of two games against the opponent (s). If the score is 6-6 should be played a tie-break.
A match can be played after the “best of three sets” (a player / team must win 2 sets to win the match) or after the “best of 5 sets” (a player / team must win three sets to win the match).
Players / teams will be the one part and another of the net. The servant is the one who put the ball in play for the first point. The receiver is the player who is ready to return the ball served by the servant.

Case 1: Does the recipient allowed to stay off land lines? Decision: Yes. The receiver can handle any position inside or outside the lines in the field.

Choosing the side of the field and choosing to be servant or receiving in the first game will be decided by drawing lots starting before warming. The player / team that wins the toss may choose:
a. to be servant or receiver in the first game of the match, in which case the opponent (s) will choose the first game of the match plot, or
b. The field for the first game of the match, in which case the opponent (s) will choose to be served or receiving in the first game of the match, or
c. To require the opponent (s) to choose from the possibilities above.

Case 2: They both players / teams the right to new choices if heating is stopped and the players / teams left the court? Decision: Yes. The result of the draw remains valid, but both players / teams can make new choices.

Each team will have on the field a maximum of 11 players or minimum 7. The team that, for various reasons, has less than 7 players looses the match with 0-3, regardless of the situation until that score time. May not play all past players on the score sheet. Reserve players
will wait outside the pitch.

Replacement will be made only on the center court even if the rally is stopped. Reserve do not enter the field until the player who will be replaced did not left the field. The equipment of the teams must be different colored for each player and it consists of: football boots, leggings, shields, pants and shirt. The goalkeeper can have extra knee and a shirt color other than the teammates or opposing players.

Arbitration: Running a game is provided by three referees (one center and two of cough). The center referee will lead the game and will take care to respect the rules, to not commit mistakes, will signal the beginning and end game and all play stops. He punished the players not play the game.

The two referees line referee help lead the game, according to the regulation. A football match lasts two halves of 45 minutes with a break of 15 minutes between them. The ball is in play as long as there is on the field between the lines that delimit the playing surface and was not stopped by the referees.

The inclusion of a point is completely valid when the ball enters the gate, surpassing its entire circumference goal line.

Offside (out of play) is the position most commented today in the game of football. A player is considered in offside when being attack, between him and the opposing goal line opponents are not found in the moment when the ball is passed to them.

Mistakes and penalties: If you do one of the mistakes are punished by the referee (with direct free kick). If play ball in your own square by hand will be penalized by the referee to direct free kick from 11m.

After I he managed a hit, let, the Batter the bat aside and becomes runner, must reach the next base before the defense bring the ball there. If it fails, is eliminated, otherwise, continue to run to base 2, and so on, up to home plate. If they reach at base 2 and stops there (because there would have 3 chances to reach base the ball before), proceed to the bat the next Batter, and when he he managed a hit and started running towards base one, Batter , the runs from base 2 to base 3, in order to get back to home plate. When a Batter gets to home plate, is called a run, and his team wins a point. While runs forwards to various bases, defenders must bring the ball to base forwards that before.

This game is going to Fielding, each base is “covered” by a defender and the other defenders on the field throw the ball to them, to eliminate the attackers.

When the pitcher throws to the hitter, the ball must pass through an area called (“strike zone”) located above the “house” between knees and chest of the hitter.

The referee house appreciates if the ball passed through the area or not. The hitter may try to hit the ball or he can let go, if it considers that it has not hit the area.

We have the following situations:
1. ball passes through the area, trying not to hit Hitter (“Strike looking”);
2. The ball does not pass through the area, trying not to hit Hitter (“ball”);
3. Hitter is trying to hit and completely miss the contact with the ball (“strike swinging”);
4. hitter is trying to hit, touches the ball, but it goes into the fault territory, behind the edge (“foul”, is considered “strike” except when the hitter already has two “strike” against it is case in which give him a chance, if the ball goes into foul territory and is caught on the fly, hitter is eliminated);
5. Hitter is trying to hit, touches the ball, which goes directly into the glove catcher (“foul type”, is considered strike);
6. Hitter hits a ground ball put into play.
7. If the pitcher throws four balls elsewhere (as “ball”, see above), the first hitter advances (“walk”).

In handball, field players are allowed:

• In attack:
- the players are allowed to touch the ball with any part of their bodies above and including the knee. A player who is in possession of the ball may stand stationary for only three seconds and may take only three steps.
- only the goalkeeper is allowed to move freely within the goal perimeter, although he may not cross the goal perimeter line while carrying or dribbling the ball. Within the zone, he is allowed to touch the ball with all parts of his body including his feet. When goalkeeper is leaving the semi-circle of 6 m he has the same rules as the other players.
- to make no more than 3 steps having the ball in their hands.
- to keep the ball in their hands for more than 3 seconds.
- to make dribbling, bounding the ball, catching it and bounding it again is prohibited; so is considered the bounding of the ball with two hands.
- To touch the ball in the air or on the ground if they are not in the circle of 6 m (gate area).
- To leave / put the ball down to the whistle of the referee when his team has no longer the possession of the ball.

• In defense:
- to show fair play, being a contact sport in which, because of the pace of the game, accidents can have serious consequences.
- to stop the attack being between the attacked and gate, and not from the side or back.
- to avoid entering in the goal area.
- to keep the 3 m distance in fly ball.

• The amateurs:
- are the same rules, but the game is mixed, that means that at least 3 field players must be girls.
- the half is, often, of 20 minutes.
More rules in the next article.

In the case of a tie, the game lasts until one team is in benefit to end an inning. A baseball team consists of 9 or 10 players plus a pitcher trying to score. Pitcher is defensive player and other players are called “battery” or “hitters” and are offensive profile, trying to score runs. Points which provide the score are called “runs”. The team that has more runs at the end of the match wins. A run is marked when a player manages to make the tour of four bases counterclockwise style. A tour of bases starts at “home plate” and ends also on the “home plate”.

A home run is a run in which a batter located at the striking manages to go through all the bases after hitting the ball, including over home plate and managed to score a run. If other players are in the basic side, then it scores a run. If the bases are full and the batter located to the hitting succeeds a home run, the term used is “grand slam”. Baseball field contains several distinctive elements. The first is “home plate”. Home plate is a pentagon-sized rubber of 17 inches by 8.5 inches by 8.5 inches by 12 inches by 12 inches. Together with the three bases, the home plate makes a rhombus called “diamond”. Also, in the middle of the diamond, there is a small artificial bump, called “pitcher’s mound” where the pitcher throws the ball towards the batter.

There are four bases, they are numbered in counterclockwise direction, first, second and third base are pillows shaped square of 38 cm, which is a short height above the ground;
Together with the fourth, which is a pentagonal rubber slab known as home base or home plate, forming a square with sides of 27.4 m called diamond. The land is divided into two main areas: land inside (infield) contains the four bases, and beyond the two adjacent sides of the “diamond” is located outside the field (outfield). There are two teams of nine players on a field shaped about an arc.

If there is no scoreboard clock with automatic end signal timekeeper will use a table clock or a timer, and will signal the end of the game with a final signal.
Misbehavior and unsportsmanlike conduct occurred before or simultaneously with the signal end (the first half or the game) should be punished too, even if it is not possible to signal the end of the game. The referees signal the end of the game only after execution of the necessary free throws (except free throws) or 7-meter throw and was determined their outcome.

The disposal should executed, if the end signal (the first half or the game) when the roll call or the 7 meters are in progress or when the ball is already in the air. The immediate result of the throw must be established before executed referees whistle the game.

Players and team officials should be sanctioned for personal or unsportsmanlike conduct violations committed during the execution of a free throw or 7 meters. An offense committed during such an execution cannot determine, however, a free throw in the opposite direction.

If the arbitrators find that too early to signal the end of the game (the first half or the game), they must keep players on the court during the game to play left.
The team that was in possession of the ball when it was heard early the signal of the end of the game will remain in possession of the ball when the game will be resumed. If the ball was in play, the game is restarted with a throw that corresponding to the situations. If the ball was in play, the game is restarted with a free throw.

If the first half of the game (or overtime) ends too late, the second half of the game (or overtime) must be shortened accordingly. If the second half of the game (or overtime) ends too late, the referee cannot change anything.

A team that tried a quick counterattack of their own half of the field, but cannot take a position to score a goal, after reaching the middle of the field effect must be allowed to make rapid change of players, at this stage.

Before taking the ball in the hand you must understand the game. Many times, you may have played with people who had no idea what double dribble, or steps, and you realize that does not make much sense to play with them. So it is absolutely necessary to learn the basics. The ball must remain in the field. If you have the ball in your hand or touch it with any part of the body (usually feet) touching the floor or ground after the line it is “out”. The ball will restore from the edge. Advancing the ball must dribble for not doing steps. Since you do not dribble the ball will be thrown to the basket or pass. It is not allowed to dribble once more, as this would commit the double dribble. I said that basketball is a contact sport, but any contact that prevents a player to do something is called fault. If you play basketball of performance, the number of fouls that you can commit is limited to 5. It is important to know these things while playing basketball because it’s a judged sport thoroughly.

Before you learn to throw the ball, you should know how to dribble. Dribbling is an art. You can dribble through the legs or back after the defender to protect the ball. But, you learned the basic techniques before you apply the advanced. Dribble using your fingers, not palm, because it gives more ball handling. It is vital to dribble even if the defender is in your face until you can give a pass or throw. Stopping dribble defenders to allow them approaching and you probably take the ball. To win a basketball game is important not to be selfish. Often you can not throw and then it’s very good to know how to pass. When you pass must put in a position player who receives passing. The ball must be on or below or above the chest teammates, to be caught. There are situations when you have to decide whether to give a pass with the floor (ground). If the defender is in the way of the player receiving the pass then the best choice is this type of pass to not let you take the ball. A direct pass reaches the receiver, but take care of the situation. Teammate should not be defended.

The body position
The position is a vital part of successful defense, as the attack. Fencers must have a solid outfit that target area available to minimize the opponent, but to afford them enough freedom to move quickly and comfortably. To achieve this fencer will sit with a stride length and a half foot, front foot pointing towards opponent and sat at the back so that at the front to form an angle of 90 degrees. If the front foot should be towards north, then the back would be to the west. Then fencers will bend your knees until the knee is positioned directly above each leg fingers, and will return the body to one side, a more comfortable position. This posture allows the rapid advance but also a movement to back fast.

Arm position
Weapon arm is held in front pointing constantly threatening opponent. The arm is held back depending on the type of weapon used: (a) for the foil for hitting just the torso, front and rear, the rear arm the weapon is kept up, bent behind the head. This creates a balance that can be used to accelerate the attack and for recovery from lunge (b) in case of saber and the sword (the saber entire upper body is the target, including the arms and the sword the whole body) arm is kept behind the waist, because the balance is not as important as protecting the target area.

Defense
There are three basic ways to defend against an attack:
• Parade, or removal of the attack by using the blade.
• Moving or staying away from the path of the blade.
• counterattack, or attack your opponent during the shot before he / she is to score. Paradise is the most basic but most important to master.